Biochemistry

He is interested in conducting tests for the detection of the effectiveness of the body members in the performance of various functions and chemicals in the body fluids and all these materials are fixed rates and any difference in these ratios have a satisfactory meaning.
- UREA TESTUrea Test:
In the urea examination, the concentration of urea (Urea) or nitrogen concentration in serum urea is examined. The level of urea represents the amount of protein consumed by the person and is excreted by the kidney.
Many factors affect the level of urea, to examine kidney function. Urea is the substance produced in the liver as part of the metabolism of proteins into amino acids. This process produces ammonia, which in turn turns to urea. Sometimes the nitrogen level in urea is used instead of urea, and there is almost no difference between Analyzes. After the formation of urea and its transfer to the blood is filtered in the kidneys before being excreted in the urine, leaving a limited part of the blood. In the case of kidney disease, this substance is not excreted in the urine, causing a high percentage of the blood. In contrast, the level of this substance decreases in cases of liver disease due to its inability to form the protein  Causes of high urea level in the blood (kidney problems increase in protein breakdowns gastrointestinal bleeding). Causes of low blood urea ratio (liver disease in renal dialysis). Symptoms: loss of appetite, nausea and yellowing of the skin retention of water, body fluids, bad urine odor and Animaia muscle spasms.
- Creatinine testCREATININE TEST:
This test is more accurate than the urea test. This analysis is used for the same purposes as urea. Creatinine is produced from muscles as a result of cracking the creatinine compound produced during the energy production cycle required for muscle contraction. It is then eliminated by the kidneys that filter the bulk of it and get rid of it in the urine. The amount produced depends on the size of the person and the weight of his muscles, so the value of analysis in men is usually higher than in women and children. Creatinine may be measured in blood or urine, creatinine enters with age, weight and gender in the calculation of glomerular filtration rate. It is increased in cases of renal failure and urinary obstruction
- Test liver function :
Liver function is examined by taking a blood sample for examination in the laboratory, as the level of specific compounds in the blood is checked. The level of these compounds indicates the presence of inflammation or damage to the liver. Liver cells and bile ducts within the liver contain certain functional proteins (enzymes). When liver cells are damaged, these proteins are released from the cells and absorbed into the blood, thus raising the level of these proteins in the blood. Among these numerous enzymes, some of the key enzymes are examined: Amin Alalanin tanker. (ALT - Alanine aminotransferase also called - SGPT) Tanker Secretary of Asparat. (AST-Aspartate aminotransferase also called SGOT) In addition to checking the level of enzymes, it is important to check the level of hepatic metabolic products:
The level of albumin proteins, globulin and blood clotting factors (which are estimated according to certain coagulation tests). Normally, if the levels of these proteins are normal, it indicates that the liver tissue is functioning properly If the level of proteins is low or the time of clotting slightly, this may indicate a problem in the performance of the liver functions, and therefore more tests must be done. Liver function is usually performed as part of a routine blood test to detect hidden conditions, such as infections, infection, liver injury caused by drugs or toxins, and others that do not cause symptoms. When the level of AST / ALT is high this may be indicative of acute liver disease, such as acute inflammation (viral hepatitis), acute inflammation due to drugs, toxins .
- Test the proportion of bile(BILIRUBIN) :
Your doctor recommends that you test if you suspect:
Liver disorders or bile duct disorder. Hemolytic blood syndromes: characterized by abnormal destruction of red blood cells or neonatal jaundice. Bilirubin is a chemical dye produced in the liver, spleen. Bilirubin is the result of the breakdown of hemoglobin, a protein in the blood that is acquired by the red color. After red blood cells break down, they are converted into bilirubin and then transferred to the liver and excreted by the liver through the gallbladder. It divides into two types:
Direct bilirubin (linked), which is mainly present in the intestine. Indirect bilirubin (free) that goes with circulation. Bilirubin is one of the most important indicators of the incidence of morbidity if its percentage is higher than normal, which leads to yellowing of the skin and eyes in yellow. This condition is called jaundice.
- Fat ratio test(LIPID PROFILE) :
It is normal to have fat in the human blood, but if the amount of fat exceeds the normal rate lead to accumulation on the walls of blood vessels which contributes to the hardening and this increases the blood pressure and presents the heart high blood pressure, the occurrence of blood clots, chronic kidney failure, And heart attack, adversely affect the nervous system,   The rise of harmful fats in the body and the reduction of fat benefit from the natural limit, which leads to the transfer of harmful fats from the blood to the liver and lead
- To a disturbance in sugar levels causes:
1) Do not regulate the intake of diets that contain a large proportion of fat
2) Genetic factors
3) low level of thyroid secretion
4) Some medications used in the treatment of acne, pills, diuretics and cortisone
 5) Smoking.

Symptoms:
1 - swelling and warn the limbs (due to lack of transfer of oxygen cells.
2 - Halitosis.
3-Abdominal distention and indigestion.
4 - Rotation loss of balance and headache.
5- Problems in sight.
 6 - Constipation.
7- Chest pain.
8 - Chronic fatigue and debilitation.
9 - Skin problems (red spots, inflammation and itching). 10. Sensitivity to some foods.
-Including lipid analyzes :
CHOLESTEROL CHOLESTEROL TRIGLYCERIDE High density fat (useful) HIGH DENISITY LIPOPROTEIN LOW DENISITY LIPOPROTEIN
- Heart enzymes test:
Cardiac enzymes are proteins produced by the heart in the blood circulation directly and without the need for a medium conveyor in large quantities and specifically from the internal tissue of the heart muscle, these enzymes are found in the heart cells naturally, and plays a physiological role in the heart. Cardiac tests are heart tests to diagnose heart attacks. In the event of a heart attack, some heart cells die. Some of these cells may break, leading to the leakage of the heart enzymes outside the heart cells. Thus, the level of the enzyme in the blood The most common cause is heart disease and disorders. Myocardial infarction, which causes infarction or infection, and increases these enzymes. Stroke, shock and convulsions. Fibrillation and sudden heart palpitations. Muscle inflammation, and atrophy. Lung damage and congestion. If concentrations above the normal level, and without high levels, this reading is an indicator of the existence of disorders at the level of the muscular system .
- Test ASO quantitive :
It is some antibodies that are formed in the body when the body gets a bacteria called Bal. streptococci This analysis can detect if a person has been infected with these bacteria or not by detecting A.S.O antibodies This analysis is performed by taking a blood sample and examining it. For diseases that cause an increase in the level of (ASO) Rheumatic fever, as well as ESR. Other diseases that cause an increase in ASO are scarlet red, In addition to cases of bacterial endocarditis, which are caused by streptococci, Inflammation of the heart called inflammation of the heart and inflammation of the kidney.
- Test CRP quantitive :
The objective of the C-reactive protein (CRP) test is to determine if there is an acute inflammation of the body. This test is important in the follow-up and evaluation of vascular disease and heart disease such as cases of coronary insufficiency or bacterial infection in the lining of the heart but this test does not determine The location of inflammation but instructs the doctor to the importance of the work of other tests to detect the location of the disease or inflammation. This protein is produced in the liver and is one of the proteins known as the acute phase proteins, which are indicators of the presence of inflammation in the body, as it rises in the blood in the infection, and although the high level of CRP does not give an impression of details of the inflammation such as its location, It is possible to rely on the results to determine the likelihood of infection of the person with some types of infections and infection, such as atherosclerosis, as atherosclerosis occurs due to high cholesterol in the body and accumulation in the blood vessels. sending comments Record saved forum
- (Rheumatoid Factor، RF) Rheumatic factor test: :
The examination of the rheumatoid factor and its measurement in human blood helps to diagnose rheumatoid.   This factor is one of the antibodies that the immune system in the human body produces. These objects are present frequently in patients who have been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.   Causing damage to the immune system by destroying parts of the human body other than the joints, such as the skin and lungs causing inflammation, swelling, heat, pain and coarseness in the joints.
- Test of uric acid (URIC ACID):
This test is required in cases of joint pain. Uric acid is one of the natural acids that are present in the human body and other living organisms. Uric acid is produced by the metabolism of proteins and some types of food containing purine. This acid is transferred from the liver to the kidneys through the blood to be filtered there. It is produced with urine products because the body does not benefit from it. The high levels of uric acid above the normal blood level lead to health problems, so that the kidneys can not be eliminated. The kidney stone is also affected. It also causes diseases such as diabetes, cancer and bone diseases. Especially the joints of the toes and is deposited there causing arthritis and severe pain in them, causing gout. There are many factors that contribute to hyperuricemia including: heredity, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, renal insufficiency unhealthy diet, use of diuretics.
- Lactate Hydrostatic Discharge Test (LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE) :
This analysis is a test for the presence of an enzyme known as lactate. This enzyme is present in most cells of the body and is not found in the blood in large quantities. This enzyme is present in large quantities in the blood when the cells of the body are taken as an indicator of malfunction, Or destruction of the content of these cells. This enzyme is in the form of five isotopes in different parts of the body such as the heart, erythrocytes, kidneys and lungs, liver and muscle, leukocytes and lymph nodes. These isotopes are present in one part of the body such as the heart, kidneys and liver. These areotopes are released into the blood and the damage to the cells can be determined by determining the type of these isotopes. Reasons for conducting this examination This examination is required from the patient when suspected of abnormal development of cells, and the desire to know the causes of imbalance and control the level of this enzyme, where the enzyme LDH high in this case. If the level of this enzyme is high, the patient is required many tests for the isotopes of this enzyme to determine the location of imbalance in the cells of the body. This test is used to diagnose anemia caused by the breakdown of blood cells. Heart attack symptoms, which gives an indication of the condition of the heart and blood vessels. Cancer, especially lymphoma. Liver and kidney diseases, and pancreatitis (LDH1) is primarily found in the heart muscle, red blood cells and kidneys (LDH2) is mainly found in the heart muscle, red blood cells and kidneys (LDH3) is mainly present in the lungs, spleen, and pancreas (LDH4) mainly in the liver, skeletal muscles and kidneys (LDH5) is mainly present in the liver and skeletal muscle
- Blood protein test (TOTAL PROTEIN):
The objective of this analysis is to measure the total amount of albumin and globulin in the blood and find the ratio between them, Globiolin plays a key role in the synthesis of antibodies, and protein analysis is performed as part of routine tests and in some cases of illness.
o If the percentage of albumin on globulin is often shown to be autoimmune diseases, it may indicate kidney disease, cirrhosis or bone marrow tumors.
o If the proportion of albumin on the globulin often indicate the presence of disease in the kidneys or liver or intestine, and is associated with the hypothyroidism and leukemia.
- Test the percentage of iron (IRON TEST) :
It measures the level of iron in transfranin-linked blood, as well as the total transferrin and the amount of ferrite. These tests indicate the amount of iron in the human body, and if the person suffers from deficiency or excess iron component. In cases of iron deficiency, the level of iron and ferrite decreases, while transferin increases. To find the cause of anemia caused by a chronic and difficult disease such as diarrhea, cancer or other diseases. Iron is an essential element in the process of building many substances that bind oxygen to blood and muscles. It is also an important component in the synthesis of many enzymes in the body. The iron component is absorbed into the intestine, and from there it moves into the blood. In the blood, iron is linked to a protein called Transferrin, which transfers iron to the cells, mainly to the bone marrow, where red blood cells are produced. The iron surplus is associated with another protein called ferritin. These conditions (iron deficiency) usually result from the bleeding of disturbances in iron absorption, and iron deficiency in the diet. In the case of excess iron, the level of iron and ferritin increases, compared with the low level of transferrin in the blood. Iron deficiency cases result from the destruction of red blood cells (due to antibodies, thalassemia or vitamin deficiencies), as well as liver injury or hemodialysis / iron storage disease (a condition in which ingestion of iron in the intestines is abnormally elevated due to genetic disorder ).
- Gamma gelatamel test (GAMMA GLUTAMYL TRAN):
Is an analysis that measures the enzyme found in the liver, kidney, pancreas and spleen, GGT is concentrated in the liver, but it is also present in the gall bladder, spleen, pancreas and kidneys. It is the first type of enzyme that rises in the blood, a first indicator of a defect in the transfer of bile from the liver to the intestine; due to blockage in the channel of the bile ducts. An enzyme in the blood. Higher levels of naturalness may indicate damage to the liver or bile duct. Liver function tests can be used in: Hepatitis and cirrhosis of the occupied side effects of drugs. Liver function tests examine the levels of certain enzymes and proteins in the blood.
- Cumulative sugar test (HBAIC) :
Is an analysis of blood done for people with diabetes, it measures the average glucose - Glucose (Glucose) in their blood and the extent of their response to the treatment prescribed to them by the physician during the previous three months. The cumulative sugar is produced when glucose binds to the hemoglobin molecules in the red blood cells, which is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood. Diabetic hemoglobin testing is the first choice in the diagnosis of pre-sugar, as well as adult sugar (type II) and sugar (type I). If you are already diagnosed with diabetes, the test is used to measure your commitment to treatment because it is able to give you an idea about the level of sugar in the last 2-3 months, not just for a particular moment. The values ​​of HbA1C are percentages that reflect the percentage of cumulative sugar stock of the total amount of hemoglobin in the blood fluid - the higher the sugar concentration in the blood fluid, the higher the HbA1C values.
- Test the electrolytes(ELECTROLYTE TESTS) :
The electrolytes are the group of ions that carry a negative or positive charge, which are found inside the cells of the body and extracellular fluids, including plasma. Among these tests:
*Calcium ratio test(CALCIUM) :
A test to measure the level of calcium in the blood, which is often performed as part of a routine examination. This test helps diagnose diseases affecting the bones, heart, nerves and kidneys, Calcium is one of the essential chemical elements of the body. Body cells, especially the brain, muscles and heart, need a healthy level of calcium in the blood to function properly. A portion of the calcium in the blood enters the cells. Calcium is stored in the body inside the bones, while excess amounts are released into the urine. The level of calcium in the body is controlled by several hormones, especially the hormone PTH (Parathyroid Hormone) and vitamin D. Where it is used to build bones and teeth, muscle contraction, movement of blood vessels, sending and receiving nerve messages, and blood clotting.
*Magnesium test (MAGNESIUM):
The main objective of this examination is to assess the level of magnesium in the blood, contributing to the diagnosis of disorders of the nervous system, muscle and kidney activity. Magnesium is necessary to monitor activity within the cell, to form bones and teeth, to transmit nerve signals, and to contractile muscles. It also activates many enzymes and has the importance of transferring calcium and potassium across the cell membrane. Magnesium is absorbed into the intestines.
*Potassium ratio test (POTASSIUM):
The test verifies the level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is considered to be one of the salts and minerals at the same time. It helps to maintain the blood pressure of the blood (conserving the balance of the electrolytes) and the subsequent maintenance of the water level (the amount of fluid inside and outside the cells of the body). Potassium is also important for the functioning of both nerves and muscles. Potassium is an essential component in the synthesis of living fluids, especially blood, which causes dysfunction in the functioning of the nervous system and also causes heart rhythm disturbances. Check the levels of patients treated with medications such as diuretics and people undergoing dialysis. Examine individuals with high blood pressure to see if they have a kidney or adrenal problem. See if some cancer treatments destroy many cells.
*Sodium Stability Test(SODIUM) :
The test checks the level of sodium in the blood. Checking the balance of water and electrolytes in the body, progress or deterioration of kidney or adrenal glands. Sodium is considered to be one of the salts and minerals at the same time. It helps to maintain the blood pressure of the blood (preservation on the balance of the electrolites) and the subsequent maintenance At the water level (the amount of fluid inside and outside the cells of the body).
Sodium is also important for the work of both nerves and muscles. There are many factors that affect the concentration of sodium in the blood, including the hormone Aldosterone (Aldosterone), which limits the secretion of sodium through the urine, as well as protein (ANP), which is produced in the heart, which increases the secretion of sodium through the urine. Another important hormone is the anti-urination hormone (ADH), which affects the amount of water in the body and as a result, it affects at the same time the concentration of sodium،
*Chloride ratio test(CHLORIDE) :
The test measures the level of chloride in the blood. Blood is checked to check the level of chloride you have if you experience symptoms such as muscle twitching or convulsions, or breathing problems, general weakness, or confusion. Kidney problems or adrenal problems help to find the cause of high blood pH. Chloride is one of the most important electrolytes in the blood, which helps to maintain the blood pressure of the blood (conservation on the balance of electrolines) and the subsequent maintenance of the level of water (the amount of fluid inside and outside the body cells). It also helps maintain an appropriate level of blood volume, pressure, and pH for various body fluids. Sodium, potassium and bicarbonate tests are usually performed at the same time as the blood chloride is examined. Most of the chloride in the body comes from table salt (sodium chloride), which is absorbed by the intestine when food is digested, and excess amounts of the body need to be released by urine. Sometimes a chloride test can be performed on a sample of urine. In inflammation of the intestines, acute intestinal obstruction and persistent vomiting adrenal insufficiency, renal failure, acute infections, and dehydration .
Test of bean disease or bean anemia(GLUCOSE 6 PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE)
Is an enzyme secreted from the liver helps in the formation of red blood cells and the lack of this enzyme leads to break red blood cells and is infected by the human genetics and infects females rarely, but males are infected very widely. X-linked prophylaxis is characterized by the weakness or absence of the ability of red cells to produce a glucose-depleting glucose hexafluoride enzyme that plays an important role in the process of metabolizing red cells. Anemia is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world, with an estimated 400 million people, particularly in Africa, South Asia and the Middle East. This enzyme deficiency leads to severe hemolytic anemia following infection, exposure to certain drugs or chemicals, or exposure to beans either by eating or eating foods containing it. The lack of this enzyme is called bean anemia because beans are the most dangerous foods harmful to the suffering of this deficiency.
- Sugar analysis test(GLUCOSE) :
A test measures the amount of sugar - called glucose - in the blood. Glucose comes from carbohydrate foods. Which is the main source of energy used by the body. Insulin, which is produced by the pancreas at high blood glucose levels, helps the body's cells to use glucose. In normal, blood glucose levels increase slightly after eating, but this increase is offset by an increase in insulin secretion to prevent high levels of high levels, which is the opposite of what happens in patients with diabetes, and lead to high levels of sugar in the blood over time to problems with the eyes, , Nerves, and blood vessels. Sugar Analysis Request: Diabetes detection, Control of the effects of diabetes treatments, Checking of gestational diabetes. Of abnormally low blood sugar levels .
-Blood glucose analyzes are divided into several types :
Analysis of sugar fasting - Fasting blood sugar (FBS)
An analysis measures the blood glucose level after fasting for at least 8 hours.

Usually the first test is done to check for diabetes and diabetics.
- Requirements for analysis:
• Refrain from eating or drinking, except for water for at least 8 hours before sampling • In the case of diabetic patients may be withdrawn sample before taking the morning dose of insulin, but it is preferable to replace this analysis analysis random sugar, which does not require fasting for 8 hours.
Random blood sugar (RBS) An analysis measures the level of glucose in the blood regardless of the last time you eat.
Several random levels can be measured throughout the day.
In normal people, random glucose levels are not different throughout the day, but very different levels throughout the day mean a problem.
This test is also called cross-glucose testing.
-Glucose tolerance test(GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST):
The glucose tolerance test, also known as the oral glucose tolerance test, measures your body's glucose response. A glucose tolerance test can be used to detect type 2 diabetes.
The most common thing is to use a modified version of the glucose tolerance test to diagnose gestational diabetes a type of diabetes that women get during pregnancy.
Give the glucose to determine the speed of its liquidation of the blood. The test is usually performed in cases of diabetes, insulin resistance and sometimes in the case of hypoglycemia. The patient should not be limited to sugars in the days or weeks preceding the selection.
The choice should not be made during the illness.
As a result, the choice in a satisfactory period does not reflect the true level of glucose metabolism when the patient is healthy. The choice should not be taken for an adult weighing less than 43 kg, or glucose will produce huge false positive results.